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Toddy A DOS Command Line Editor by Eric Tauck 1304 Deerpass Road Marengo, IL 60152-9644 U.S.A. Compuserve: 72457,1557 Internet: 72457.1557@compuserve.com Toddy is a terminate and stay resident (TSR) utility that en- hances the entry and editing of DOS commands, saves commands for later retrieval, and provides resident macros that work like simple batch files. Only certain programs that use DOS for input, like COMMAND.COM or DEBUG.COM, will be affected by Toddy. Toddy will work on any PC compatible running DOS 2.0 or greater. Toddy may be used and distributed freely. Installation ------------ Toddy is installed by running it from the command line. The features of Toddy are available upon installation. Toddy is usually installed from the AUTOEXEC.BAT file when the computer is booted up. If you get the message "Multiplex number in use by another program" when you try to install Toddy, see the /M switch described in the Switch Descriptions section. Toddy needs about 25000 bytes of memory to install, but shrinks to 6624 bytes when it becomes resident. The resident memory usage changes according to the settings of the /B, /HS, /KS, /MN, /MS, /NS, /VL, and /VN switches. If you get the message "Not enough memory" when loading Toddy high, try loading Toddy before other TSR's. The appearance of Toddy (the colors and cursor types) can be set with the /AC, /AE, /AT, /TC, /TE, /TI, /TO, /TS, and /TX switch- es. By default, Toddy sets all the colors to white on black and does not modify the cursor type. The key assignments of Toddy can be changed using key macros. Throughout this document, commands are referred to by specific keystrokes, however these are only the default key assignments and may be changed. All changes you make to Toddy (colors, key assignments, macros, etc. ) can be saved and restored using the /OW, /OR, and /W switches. Once installed, Toddy may be disabled with the /D switch and enabled with the /E switch. These switches might be useful if an application conflicts with Toddy. Toddy may also be removed from memory with the uninstall switch (/U). The end of this document contains a list of version changes and some additional notes on using and configuring Toddy. Editing ------- Toddy's enhanced editing commands are available immediately upon installation. When entering a DOS command, use the right and left arrow keys to move the cursor non-destructively. Past commands can be retrieved by pressing the up and down arrow keys, or by typing a few letters and searching for a matching command with the Tab key. You can quickly enter the name of an existing file by typing part of the name and pressing F9 until the entire name is displayed. The standard DOS editing keys (F1 to F6) may also be used. In the next table and throughout the rest of this document, a "Ctrl-" to the immediate left of a keystroke or letter refers to that keystroke being pressed while the CONTROL key is held down. Similarly, an "Alt-" next to a keystroke refers to the keystroke being pressed while the ALT key is held down. A complete list of editing commands follows: Left move cursor left Right move cursor right Home move cursor to first column End move cursor to last column Ctrl-Left move cursor to previous word Ctrl-Right move cursor to next word Delete delete character under the cursor Backspace delete character to the left of the cursor Ctrl-Backspace delete word to the left of the cursor Ctrl-Home delete all characters left of the cursor Ctrl-End delete all characters right of the cursor Escape delete all characters on the line Up load older history line PgUp load oldest history line Down load newer history line PgDn load newest history line (last line saved) Tab search for next matching history line Shift-Tab search for previous matching history line Alt-F7 delete all history lines F9 replace word with next matching file name Shift-F9 replace word with previous matching file name F10 append matching file name Enter accept input Ctrl-Enter accept input without any processing Insert toggle insert mode Ctrl-L delete word to the left of the cursor Ctrl-R delete word to the right of the cursor Ctrl-D delete current history line Ctrl-K copy current line to history then clear line Ctrl-V enter a control character F1 copy next character from the template F2 copy template characters up to the next key F3 copy remaining characters from the template F4 skip template characters up to the next key F5 copy current input to the template F6 insert EOF character To enter control characters normally interpreted by DOS or Toddy, press Ctrl-V and then the letter. For instance, press Ctrl-VC to enter Ctrl-C. Toddy displays control characters using the ASCII character, for instance a ^C (which is ASCII code 3) shows up as a little heart. Besides the control keys listed above (Ctrl-L, Ctrl-R, Ctrl-D, Ctrl-K, and Ctrl-V), some other codes that can only be entered using Ctrl-V include: Ctrl-C (break), Ctrl-M (enter), Ctrl-P (toggle line printer echo) and Ctrl-S (pause display). Note that Toddy does not allow the NUL code (Ctrl-@) to be entered. File Name Completion -------------------- The file name completion feature lets you quickly enter the name of an existing file. Just type the first few letters of the file name and press F9. The first file matching those letters will replace the letters. Pressing F9 again will replace the first matching file with the next matching file. If there are no more matching files, pressing F9 does nothing. Shift-F9 replaces the last match with the previous match. F10 works similarly to F9, except matching files are appended to the last match (rather than replacing it). The initial search pattern may include wildcard characters and may or may not include a file name extension. The /NT switch determines the files types matched (i.e. normal, hidden, system, and/or directories), and the /NU and /NL switches control whether matching files are displayed in upper or lowercase letters. If you enable directory matching using the /NT switch, directories will be displayed with a trailing backslash. This backslash can be enabled or disabled with the /NB and /NC switches. By de- fault, only normal files are matched and matching files are displayed in uppercase. Command History --------------- Every time you execute a DOS command, the command is copied to the command history for later retrieval. If there isn't enough room because of previously saved commands, Toddy will delete the oldest command or commands to make room. You can prevent a command from being saved to the command history by pressing Ctrl-Enter (instead of Enter) to run the command. You can copy a command to the command history without running it by pressing F5 or Ctrl-K. The up arrow key will retrieve the last command. Repeatedly pressing the up arrow key will retrieve progressively older commands. The down arrow key retrieves newer commands (the opposite of the up arrow key). Other keys for scrolling through the command history are listed in the Editing section above. Commands are not saved to the command history if they are identi- cal to the last command. Also, Toddy can be configured to pre- vent other types of commands from being saved. See the descrip- tions of the /HM, /HU, and /HA switches in the Switch Descrip- tions section. Alternatively, previous commands can be automati- cally removed from the command history using the /HP, /HI, /HD, /HK switches. The command history may be written to a file or loaded from a file with the /HW and /HR switches. The current history can be locked, freed (unlocked), or cleared with the /HL, /HF, and /HC switches. When the history is locked, commands are no longer copied to it. The command history can be searched by matching the beginning characters. For instance, if you recently entered a long command like: tcc -v -ms zorro init.obj graflib.lib extra.lib you can search for this line by typing the first few characters, "tcc" for instance, and then pressing the Tab key. If there is more than one saved command that begins with "tcc", repeatedly pressing Tab will find each occurrence. If there are no more occurrences, the display will not change. You can search in the reverse direction with Shift-Tab. Searching in reverse is par- ticularly useful if you've accidentally searched past the command you were looking for by pressing the Tab key too many times. When using the up or down arrow keys to scroll through the com- mand history, Toddy will "wrap around" from the oldest entry to the newest, or from the newest to the oldest. Toddy loads a blank line just before wrapping. If you've just run a command from the history without modifying it and you press the down arrow key before anything else, Toddy will load the command from the history that follows the command you just ran. This is referred to in this document as "history trace." History tracing is useful for reentering multiple com- mands. For instance, if you've recently entered the commands: COPY *.* A: DEL *.* and you want to run these two commands again, first find the COPY command by typing "co" and pressing Tab. When the COPY command is displayed, run it. Now you can recall the DEL command just by pressing the Down arrow key. Command History Window ---------------------- If you run Toddy without any command line arguments and Toddy has already been installed, Toddy will display a window in the center of the screen showing all the commands currently saved in the command history. The Up and Down arrow keys scroll through the list one line at a time, the Page-Up and Page-Down keys scroll through the list a page at a time, and the Home and End keys go to the first (oldest) and last (newest) commands. When you've found a command you want run or edit, position the command to the highlighted center of the window and press the Enter key. The window will close and the command will be pre- loaded to the input line. The colors of the command window can be set with the /AB, /AH, and /AX switches. Toddy automatically selects a size for the window based on the current text mode, but you can explicitly select a size with the /SR and /SC switches. Unlike other aspects of Toddy, the history window manipulates the hardware directly and may not work on non-standard video systems. Chained Commands ---------------- The chain character allows you to enter multiple commands on a single line. The default chain character is Ctrl-T, but may be changed with the /CC switch. If the chain character was defined to be the caret (^), the command "arce files1^arce files2" will run the two consecutive commands "arce files1" and "arce files2". Any number of chained commands may be entered on a single line. Macros (described later) may also contain chained commands. Within macros and in the run command (/R), you can use $t to chain commands together. Press Ctrl-Break to cancel a sequence of executing chained com- mands. Pressing Ctrl-Break may interrupt a sequence of chained commands even when you are inside an application. Macros ------ A macro is a user defined command that's automatically replaced by a single command or multiple commands chained together. Macros behave like small batch files. Some advantages of macros over batch files are that macros are executed faster (because they're stored in memory, not on disk), macros generally use less disk space (because multiple macros can be stored in a single file), macros can be defined or redefined on the fly, and macros can have any name (for example you could have a macro called DIR, but not a batch file). Some possible uses for macros are renam- ing commands (like defining D to execute a DIR) and applying default arguments to commands (for instance automatically apply- ing the /W switch to all DIR commands). Macros will NOT work in batch files. Macros are defined with the /MD and /ME switches and cleared with the /MU, /MF, and /MC switches. Macros can also be defined using the syntax: TODDY macro=text where "macro" is the name of the macro and all characters after the equal sign are what the macro does. This second syntax for defining macros is equivalent to the /ME switch. Similarly, a macro can be undefined with the syntax: TODDY macro= You can also load and save macros to files with the /MR and /MW switches. Use the /ML switch to list the currently defined macros. Some simple macros might be: TODDY d=dir TODDY dir=dir /w TODDY /md'clear'del *.obj $t del *.lst $t del *.map' The first example above makes D act like a DIR command. The next example automatically applies the /W switch to all DIR commands. The last example creates a CLEAR command to delete all OBJ, LST, and MAP files from the current directory. The first two examples use one format for defining macros and the third example uses the other format. The third example uses the special character sequence "$t" to chain multiple commands together. Macros can access command line arguments in the same way as batch files. The first 99 arguments are retrieved using the parameters $1 to $99. The special parameter $* returns all arguments start- ing after the largest previously retrieved argument. For in- stance, if you referred to $11 in your macro, a $* will return all arguments starting with $12. Also, you can return all argu- ments starting with a particular argument number using the syntax $n*, where "n" is the starting argument number. For instance, $7* will return all arguments starting with the seventh. The character indicating a parameter, a dollar sign by default, can be changed with the /CP switch; and the character for multiple arguments, a asterisk by default, can be changed with the /CM switch. A more useful definition of the DIR macro above would use a parameter as follows: TODDY dir=dir $1 /w With this macro definition, a DIR without arguments would expand to "DIR /W", and a "DIR *.COM" would expand to "DIR *.COM /W". Another example: TODDY tcc=tcc -v $* userlib.lib This macro replaces TCC with one that automatically specifies multiple command line arguments. If you ran "tcc -O zipper", you'd actually be running "tcc -v -O zipper userlib.lib". In addition to the $t used earlier, there are several other special parameters: $$ replaced with parameter character ($) $b replaced with bar (|) $l replaced with less-than (<) $g replaced with greater-than (>) $q replaced with removable quote (see Quotes section) $s parameter sink The first five parameters above are simply replaced by the speci- fied character. These parameters are necessary if you are creat- ing a macro at the DOS prompt or in a batch file, because Toddy normally uses and absorbs the parameter and quote character, and DOS normally uses and absorbs the bar, greater, and less-than characters. The parameter sink works like the $* parameter except an empty string is returned. The parameter sink is some- times necessary because Toddy automatically appends unreferenced trailing arguments, as if there was $* automatically appended all macros. To suppress any trailing arguments, you must use the parameter sink. See the two DIR macros below for an example of using the $s parameter. All of the special parameters using a letter can use an upper or lowercase letter. You can also expand a macro within the body of another macro. To do this, place the name of the macro to be expanded in parenthe- ses after a dollar sign. For instance: TODDY diropt=/w TODDY dir=dir $* $(diropt) In this example, the DIR switches are saved in the macro "diropt" and then added to the end of the "dir" macro. Now you could change the switches used in the dir macro simply by changing the diropt setting. This document refers to macros used in this manner as variables. The characters used to enclose the macro name (parentheses) can be changed with the /CV and /CW switches. Macros may be defined multiple times. The most recent definition always takes precedence. A macro may also call another macro. If a macro calls a macro of the same name, the most recent defi- nition (prior to the calling macro) will be called. For in- stance, if the following macros were defined: TODDY dir=dir $* /w TODDY dir=cls $s $t dir $* a DIR command will call the second macro (because it's the most recent definition). This macro clears the screen (with CLS) and calls DIR. Since DIR has an earlier definition (the first macro), it's also called as a macro. The net effect of running a DIR command after defining the two macros above is to clear the screen and perform a DOS DIR command with the /W switch. The parameter sink ($s) is necessary in the second macro to prevent any arguments from being appended to the CLS command. If a command is preceded by the "literal character," it is not interpreted as a macro. The literal character is undefined by default, but can be defined with the /CL switch. If the literal character was defined to be an exclamation mark, running "!DIR" will execute the standard DOS directory command regardless of any DIR macro definitions. Toddy beeps, cancels all running macros, and returns an empty input line if: 1. the macros are nested too deeply, 2. the macro expansion is too long, or 3. the quote parameter ($q) or chain parameter ($t) are used and no quote or chain character is de- fined. The macro expansion may be too long internally (see the /B switch) or too long for the command line (127 bytes for COM- MAND.COM, and 255 bytes for 4DOS and NDOS). A potential macro nest problem is circular macro references. For instance: TODDY a=b TODDY b=a You will always get an error if you try to run one of these two macros because these macros continuously call each other until the macro nest level is exceeded. Quotes ------ Macro arguments are defined as sequences of characters separated by spaces, so there's no way retrieve an argument that contains spaces unless you use quotes. All characters inside and includ- ing double quotes (") are treated as a single argument. For instance, if you defined the following macro: TODDY g=grep $1 *.* the following command will work properly because quotes are used: g "a blank" Toddy recognizes two kinds of quotes: text and removable. Text quotes work as described above and removable quotes work similar- ly, but are removed when the line is evaluated. The default removable quote is the back quote character (`). If you defined the following macro: TODDY e=echo ($1) running: e `a b c d` will display: (a b c d) Chain characters are not evaluated inside of quoted arguments, but parameters ($1, $2, $t, etc.) are. If you want to use the parameter character inside of a quoted string, use the special parameter $$. The text and removable quote characters can be redefined with the /CX and /CQ switches. You can also define a second text quote character with the /CY switch. Key Macros ---------- Key macros are similar to normal macros, but are assigned to and invoked by a keystroke. Key macros can perform operations spe- cific to Toddy (like moving the cursor or modifying the command history), running DOS commands, or some combination of both. All the default Toddy key assignments are saved as key macros, and may be changed. Key macros may consist of any combination of normal letters (like '5' and 'B'), non-printable keys (like Enter and F1), and internal commands (like 'HistoryOlder' and 'Delete- Line'). Key macros are defined the same way as normal macros. The first part of a key macro is always the key that is to be reassigned. You can only reassign the "non-printable" keys, like Ctrl- and Alt- key combinations, the function keys, arrow keys, Enter, Tab, etc. Key macros are defined with the /KD and /KE switches and cleared with the /KF, /KU, and /KC switches. Key macros can also be defined using the syntax: TODDY key=text where "key" is an assignable key and all characters after the equal sign are the characters that should be typed or commands that should be performed. This second syntax for defining key macros is equivalent to the /KE switch. Similarly, a key macro can be undefined with the syntax: TODDY key= You can also load and save key macros to files with the /KR and /KW switches. Use the /KL switch to list the current key assign- ments. You may define multiple assignments for the same key, however only the most recent assignment is active. Defining a key macro that refers to itself will cause an infinite loop, though Toddy will usually detect this situation and abort the key macro. You can also press Ctrl-Break to abort a key macro. Non-printable keys and internal commands are specified using special names in brackets. The following is a complete list of key names. These are the keys that can be reassigned and used within the body of key macros: [Backspace] [Alt-D] [Shift-F4] [Tab] [Alt-E] [Shift-F5] [Enter] [Alt-F] [Shift-F6] [Escape] [Alt-G] [Shift-F7] [Shift-Tab] [Alt-H] [Shift-F8] [Ctrl-Enter] [Alt-I] [Shift-F9] [Ctrl-Slash] [Alt-J] [Shift-F10] [Ctrl-Minus] [Alt-K] [Ctrl-F1] [Ctrl-Backspace] [Alt-L] [Ctrl-F2] [Alt-Minus] [Alt-M] [Ctrl-F3] [Alt-Equal] [Alt-N] [Ctrl-F4] [Ctrl-2] [Alt-O] [Ctrl-F5] [Ctrl-6] [Alt-P] [Ctrl-F6] [Alt-0] [Alt-Q] [Ctrl-F7] [Alt-1] [Alt-R] [Ctrl-F8] [Alt-2] [Alt-S] [Ctrl-F9] [Alt-3] [Alt-T] [Ctrl-F10] [Alt-4] [Alt-U] [Alt-F1] [Alt-5] [Alt-V] [Alt-F2] [Alt-6] [Alt-W] [Alt-F3] [Alt-7] [Alt-X] [Alt-F4] [Alt-8] [Alt-Y] [Alt-F5] [Alt-9] [Alt-Z] [Alt-F6] [Ctrl-A] [Left] [Alt-F7] [Ctrl-B] [Right] [Alt-F8] [Ctrl-C] [Up] [Alt-F9] [Ctrl-D] [Down] [Alt-F10] [Ctrl-E] [PageUp] [Ctrl-F] [PageDown] [Ctrl-G] [Home] [Ctrl-H] [End] [Ctrl-I] [Ctrl-Left] [Ctrl-J] [Ctrl-Right] [Ctrl-K] [Ctrl-PageUp] [Ctrl-L] [Ctrl-PageDown] [Ctrl-M] [Ctrl-Home] [Ctrl-N] [Ctrl-End] [Ctrl-O] [Insert] [Ctrl-P] [Delete] [Ctrl-Q] [F1] [Ctrl-R] [F2] [Ctrl-S] [F3] [Ctrl-T] [F4] [Ctrl-U] [F5] [Ctrl-V] [F6] [Ctrl-W] [F7] [Ctrl-X] [F8] [Ctrl-Y] [F9] [Ctrl-Z] [F10] [Alt-A] [Shift-F1] [Alt-B] [Shift-F2] [Alt-C] [Shift-F3] You may not be able to assign some the keys above (like Ctrl-S and Ctrl-P) unless you use the /KT switch. Some possible keys are not listed (like [F11] and [F12]) because DOS doesn't recog- nize these keys. Key macros may also directly call many internal Toddy commands. The following is a complete list of available internal commands: [CursorLeft] move the cursor left [CursorRight] move the cursor right [CursorNext] move the cursor to the next word [CursorPrevious] move the cursor to the previous word [CursorHome] move the cursor to the start of the line [CursorEnd] move the cursor to the end of the line [DeleteCharacter] delete the character under the cursor [DeleteBackward] delete the character left of the cursor [DeleteNext] delete the word left of the cursor [DeletePrevious] delete the word right of the cursor [DeleteHome] delete all characters left of the cursor [DeleteEnd] delete all chars right of the cursor [DeleteLine] delete entire line [InsertOn] turn insert mode on [InsertOff] turn insert mode off (overwrite mode) [InsertToggle] toggle the insert state [HistorySkip] don't add line to history when run [HistoryReset] add line to history when run [HistoryAdd] add line to history right now [HistoryDelete] delete current history line [HistoryClear] erase the entire history [HistoryOlder] load the next older history line [HistoryNewer] load the next newer history line [HistoryTrace] load the next older history trace line [HistoryOldest] load the oldest history line [HistoryNewest] load the newest history line [HistoryForward] search newer history entries [HistoryBackward] search older history entries [NameForward] find next matching file name [NameBackward] find previous matching file name [NameAppend] find next matching file name and append [TemplateCharacter] load next DOS template character [TemplateAppend] append rest of DOS template [TemplateInsert] insert DOS template characters [TemplateSkip] skip DOS template characters [TemplateEOF] insert EOF character [Run] run the current command [RunDirect] run raw command (no processing) [Mask] next letter is control character You can also insert a literal character by placing a number (the ASCII code of the character) in brackets. For instance, you can insert a Tab character (ASCII code 9) with [9]. Note: for ASCII code 13 (carriage return), you must use "[Mask]M" instead. The characters used to surround key names, internal commands, and literal characters, which are brackets by default, can be changed with the /CB and /CE switches. The default key macros / assignments are: [Left]=[CursorLeft] [Right]=[TemplateCharacter] [Up]=[HistoryOlder] [Down]=[HistoryTrace] [Home]=[CursorHome] [End]=[CursorEnd] [PageUp]=[HistoryOldest] [PageDown]=[HistoryNewest] [Ctrl-Left]=[CursorPrevious] [Ctrl-Right]=[CursorNext] [Ctrl-Home]=[DeleteHome] [Ctrl-End]=[DeleteEnd] [Ctrl-PageUp]=[HistoryOldest] [Ctrl-PageDown]=[HistoryNewest] [Tab]=[HistoryBackward] [Shift-Tab]=[HistoryForward] [Backspace]=[DeleteBackward] [Ctrl-Backspace]=[DeletePrevious] [Insert]=[InsertToggle] [Escape]=[DeleteLine] [Delete]=[DeleteCharacter] [Enter]=[Run] [Ctrl-Enter]=[HistorySkip][RunDirect] [F1]=[TemplateCharacter] [F2]=[TemplateInsert] [F3]=[TemplateAppend] [F4]=[TemplateSkip] [F5]=[HistoryAdd][DeleteLine] [F6]=[TemplateEOF] [Alt-F7]=[HistoryClear] [F9]=[NameForward] [Shift-F9]=[NameBackward] [F10]=[NameAppend] [Ctrl-D]=[HistoryDelete] [Ctrl-K]=[HistoryAdd][DeleteLine] [Ctrl-L]=[DeletePrevious] [Ctrl-R]=[DeleteNext] [Ctrl-V]=[Mask] Some systems assign Tab (instead of F9) to file name matching. To switch F9 and Tab, use the following key macros: [Tab]=[NameMatch] [Shift-Tab]=[NamePrevious] [F9]=[HistoryReverse] [Shift-F9]=[HistoryForward] Since searching with a blank line finds all occurences, you may want to assign the up and down arrow keys to forward and reverse command history searching: [Up]=[HistoryReverse] [Down]=[HistoryForward] The default assignments for PageUp (and PageDown) may not be very useful, so try the following assignment for PageUp: [PageUp]=[DeleteLine]toddy[Enter] You can implement the basic Wordstar commands commands with the following assignments: [Ctrl-S]=[CursorLeft] [Ctrl-D]=[CursorRight] [Ctrl-E]=[HistoryOlder] [Ctrl-X]=[HistoryNewer] [Ctrl-A]=[CursorPrevious] [Ctrl-F]=[CursorNext] [Ctrl-G]=[DeleteCharacter] [Ctrl-Y]=[DeleteLine] To use the Wordstar key Ctrl-S listed above, you will probably have to use the /KT (and possibly /BS) switch first. Switches -------- Switches are used to configure Toddy before or after it has been installed. A summary of the Toddy command line switches can be displayed by running: TODDY /? In the switch descriptions of the following sections, "d" denotes a decimal digit, "x" denotes a hexadecimal digit, "'s'" denotes a string in quotes, and "file" denotes a file name. The number of decimal or hexadecimal digits serve only as a general reference to the magnitude of the expected number -- in most cases fewer digits are allowed. Switch Summary -------------- Installation: /Bddddd input buffer size /BSddd restricted input buffer size /Mddd multiplex number /Q quiet mode /V verbose mode /E enable Toddy /D disable Toddy /U uninstall Toddy /W write switches to TODDY.COM /ORfile read configuration file /OWfile write configuration file /KTd keyboard input type /UI uppercase ignored /US uppercase significant /WU public Windows data /WP private Windows data Attributes (colors): /ATxx text attribute /ACxx cursor attribute /AExx end attribute /ABxx command window border /AHxx command window highlight /AXxx command window text Cursor Type: /TC use custom cursor /TS use system cursor /TExxxx entry cursor type /TIxxxx insert cursor type /TOxxxx overwrite cursor type /TXxxxx exit cursor type Characters: /CBddd key command begin character /CEddd key command end character /CVddd start of variable character /CWddd end of variable character /CQddd quote character /CXddd text quote character one /CYddd text quote character two /CPddd parameter character /CMddd multiple argument character /CLddd literal character /CCddd chain character Insert Mode: /II select insert mode /IO select overwrite mode /IR reset insert /IP preserve insert File Name Completion: /NSddddd file name match size /NTxx file name match types /NL display names in lowercase letters /NU display names in uppercase letters /NC clean directory name /NB add backslash to directory name History Window: /S select a command (open window) /SCddd window columns /SRddd window rows History: /HSddddd command history size /HMddd minimum command length /HP pure command history /HI impure command history /HD delete command from history when run /HK keep command in history when run /HU save unique commands /HA save all commands /HL lock history /HF free history /HN no history trace recover /HT history trace recover /HC clear history /HRfile read history from file /HWfile write history to file Macros: /MSddddd macro table size /MNddd maximum macro nest /MD's's' define macro /ME's's' exchange (replace) macro /MU's' undefine macro /MF's' forget macro /MC clear all macros /ML list macros /MRfile read macros from file /MWfile write macros to file Key Macros: /KSddddd key macro stack size /KD's's' define key macro /KE's's' exchange key macro /KU's' undefine key macro /KF's' forget key macro /KC clear all key macros /KL list key macros /KRfile read key macros from file /KWfile write key macros to file Variables: /VLddd maximum variable length /VNddd maximum variable nest Miscellaneous: /A display memory allocations /R's' run a command Switch Descriptions ------------------- /A Display memory allocations. The first three numbers displayed are the memory allocated for the command history, macro defintions, and file name completion. The next three numbers are the total heap memory (usually the sum of the first three numbers), the memory used by macro definitions, and the amount of available heap memory. The next four numbers are the maximum macro nest, size of variable data areas, the keyboard stack size, and the input buffer size. The last number is the total bytes used by all the data areas. All available heap memory can be used for macros. Key macros are allocated from the same pool of memory as normal macros. Whatever memory isn't used by macros is used for the command history (or the file name completion commands if needed). See the Notes section for more information on memory usage. /ABxx Set the attribute of the command history window border. The /AC switch describes attribute bytes. The default is /AB7. /ACxx Set the attribute of the character under the cursor. The first digit of the attribute byte is the background color and the second digit is the foreground color. Color values of 0 to 7 correspond to black, blue, green cyan, red, magenta, brown, and white. Adding 8 to the lower digit makes the foreground color brighter. Adding 8 to the upper digit usually makes the fore- ground blink. The default is /AC7 (white on black). /AExx Set the attribute of the blanks following the text. The /AC switch describes attribute bytes. The default is /AE7. /AHxx Set the attribute of the command history select line (i.e. the "highlight" color). The /AC switch describes attribute bytes. The default is /AH70. /ATxx Set the attribute of the text. The /AC switch de- scribes attribute bytes. The default is /AT7. /AHxx Set the attribute of the command history text. The /AC switch describes attribute bytes. The default is /AX7. /Bddddd Set the input buffer size. This is the number of bytes reserved for entering commands and expanding macros. If there is an error running a macro, you may have to make this number larger. The minimum value is 255 and the default is /B512. If you don't use macros, or only use short macros, you could conserve memory by reducing this number to the minimum. /BSddd Set the restricted input buffer size. If this switch is used, Toddy will only process input when the speci- fied number of characters are requested. This switch is particularly useful in disabling Toddy when running several DOS commands, like LABEL, DEBUG, and FORMAT. If you are using type 7 input (see the /KT switch), you may have to use the /BS switch to enable Ctrl-Break within these DOS commands. If you are using 4DOS or NDOS, use /BS255, otherwise use /BS128. The default is /BS0 (unrestricted input size). /CBddd Define key command begin character. This is the char- acter that starts one of the special names (keys or internal commands) used by key macros. The number is the ASCII code of the character. The default is /CB91 (a left bracket). /CCddd Define the chain character. The chain character is used to enter multiple commands on single line or in a macro. The number is the ASCII code of the character. The chain character cannot be a space. The default is /CC20 (Ctrl-T). /CEddd Define key command end character. This is the charac- ter that ends one of the special names (keys or inter- nal commands) used by key macros. The number is the ASCII code of the character. The default is /CE93 (a right bracket). /CLddd Define the literal character. A literal character forces Toddy to pass a command directly to DOS without interpreting it as a macro. The number is the ASCII code of the character. The literal character cannot be a space. The default is /CL0 (no literal character defined). /CMddd Define the multiple argument character. The multiple argument character is used with regular macro parame- ters to refer to all following arguments. The number is the ASCII code of the character. The multiple argument character cannot be a space. The default is /CM42 (an asterisk). /CPddd Define the parameter character. This is the character used to specify parameters within macros. The number is the ASCII code of the character. The parameter character cannot be a space. The default is /CP36 (a dollar sign). /CQddd Define the removable quote character. This character is primarily used to delimit macro parameters contain- ing spaces or chain characters. The number is the ASCII code of the character. The default is /CP96 (a back quote). /CVddd Define the variable begin character. This is the character that starts a name of a macro that is to be expanded inside the body of another macro. The number is the ASCII code of the character. The default is /CV40 (a left parenthesis). /CWddd Define the variable end character. This is the charac- ter that ends the name of a macro that is to be expand- ed inside the body of another macro. The number is the ASCII code of the character. The default is /CW41 (a right parenthesis). /CXddd Define the text quote character. This character delim- its macro parameters containing spaces or chain charac- ters. The number is the ASCII code of the character. The default is /CP34 (a double quote). /CYddd Define the alternate text quote character. This char- acter delimits macro parameters containing spaces or chain characters. The number is the ASCII code of the character. The default is /CP0 (undefined). /D Disable the resident Toddy. All command input will be performed by DOS as if Toddy wasn't installed. /E Enable the resident Toddy. This switch turns off the /D switch. /HA Save all commands to the command history. This switch turns off the /HU switch. This is the default. /HC Clear command history. All saved commands are deleted. If you want to save a sequence of DOS commands as a batch file (with the /HW switch), you could use this switch to first clear any previously saved commands. You can also clear the command history by pressing Alt-F7. /HD Command history delete. When a command is selected and run from the command history, it is deleted from the command history (though it will usually be saved back to the top of the history). The difference between this switch and /HP is that this switch only deletes a previous command when it has been selected, while /HP deletes previous (identical) commands whether they've been selected or you've typed in a new command from scratch. This is switch is the default. /HK Command history keep. Commands that are selected and run from the command history will not be deleted. This switch turns off the /HD switch. /HF Free the command history. Commands will be saved to the command history normally. This switch turns off the /HL switch. /HI Impure command history. Identical commands will not be deleted from the command history. This switch turns off the /HP switch. /HL Lock the command history. This switch prevents further commands from being saved to the command history. You can unlock the history with the /HF switch. /HMddd Set the minimum command length. All commands that are shorter than this value are not saved to the command history. This switch is useful if you don't want to save trivial commands like DIR or CLS. The default is /HM0 (all commands are saved). /HN No history trace recover. If the history cannot be traced from the last command, the down arrow key will do nothing. /HP Pure command history. This switch forces Toddy to delete all duplicate saved commands in the command history, and when a new command is saved, to check for and delete any previously saved identical commands. /HRfile Read the command history from a file. Each line of the specified file is added to the command history. If the command history is not large enough, older lines are deleted to make room. The normal criteria for saving commands (like minimum length) are ignored. The file may be created from scratch or be a previously saved history. The file must be a standard text file. /HSddddd Set the command history size. The command history size is the number of bytes reserved for saving commands. If you don't use the command history, you can conserve memory by setting the size to 0 with /HS0. The default is /HS256. /HT History trace recover. If the history cannot be traced, the down arrow will load the next newer command from the command history (or wrap around to the oldest entry). This is the default setting. /HU Save unique commands only. Toddy will scan the command history and only save a command if it's different than all the other saved commands. This switch has the opposite effect of the /HA switch. /HWfile Write the command history to a file. All commands stored in the command history are written to the speci- fied file. The commands are saved as a standard text file. This switch can be used to run a sequence of DOS commands and then save them as a batch file. The file can also be reloaded with the /HR switch. /II Select insert mode for editing. This is the default mode. /IO Select overwrite mode for editing. /IP Preserve the insert/overwrite mode between commands. The insert or overwrite mode is preserved from the last time a command was entered. This switch has the oppo- site effect of the /IR switch. /IR Reset the insert/overwrite mode between commands. Each time a command is entered, the mode will be set to insert or overwrite (depending on the current mode when this switch is used). This switch has the opposite effect of the /IP switch. This is the default. /KC Clear all key macro definitions. This switch can be used to delete all currently defined key macros, or to ignore any key macros saved to TODDY.COM when install- ing. /KD's's' Define a key macro. This parameter uses two fields, the key name and the replacement text. The first character after the /KD is the definition delimiter. Though this delimiter is usually a quote (or double quote), it can be any character not used in the key name or replacement text. There are three delimiters: one at the start of the key name, one separating the key name from the replacement text, and one at the end of the replacement text. The key name must be one of the names listed in the Key Macros section. The re- placement text can contain normal characters, other keys, or internal commands. Note: this switch does not remove any previous definitions of the key macro. Use the /KE switch to replace the most recent definition of a key macro. Key macros are described in the Key Macros section. /KE's's' Exchange a key macro. This switch replaces the most recent definition of a key macro, which is equivalent to undefining then defining a key macro. The syntax and usage are identical to the /ED switch. /KF's' Forget a key macro. This switch clears all definitions of a key macro (not just the most recent definition). The key name is delimited similarly to the key macro definition switch (/KD), except there is no replacement text. Use the /KU switch to clear only the most recent definition. /KL List key macros. All currently defined key macros will be displayed. /KRfile Read key macros from a file. The file must be a stand- ard text file. The file may be created by the user or by saving key macros with the /KW switch. Each line of the file contains a single key macro definition. The key macros must be defined in the form: key=text where "key" is the key to assign and "text" is the replacement text of the key macro. All characters after the first equals sign become part of the key macro text. /KSddddd Set the key macro stack size. The replacement text of key macros is limited to this setting. This setting does NOT affect the available space for saving key macro definitions. Key macro definitions are saved in the same area as regular macros. The minimum value is 2. The default is /KS128. /KTd Set the keyboard input type. The two valid types are 7 and 8. Type 7 input allows processing of several keys normally interpreted by DOS: Ctrl-C, Ctrl-P, and Ctrl- S. However, type 7 input may not allow you to break out of some DOS commands with Ctrl-Break. Type 8 input does not allow you to process the keys above, but does allow you to break out of programs normally. If you use type 7 input, see the /BS switch. The default is /KT8. /KU's' Undefine a key macro. This switch clears the most recent definition of a key macro. The key name is delimited similarly to the key macro definition switch (/KD), except there is no replacement text. Note that a key macro may have multiple definitions and this switch only clears the most recent. Use the /KF switch to clear all definitions of a key macro. /KWfile Write key macros to a file. All currently defined key macros are written to the specified file. The file is a standard text file with one key macro definition per line. Key macros saved with this switch can be loaded with the /KR switch. /Mddd Set the multiplex number. If you get the message "Multiplex number in use by another program" when you try to install Toddy, you can change the multiplex number with the /M switch. You should not set the multiplex number after installing Toddy, and when you do change the multiplex number, you should save the setting with the /W switch. The multiplex number should be in the range 192 to 255. The default is /M215. To change the multiplex number to 240, before installing Toddy, run: TODDY /m240 /w /MC Clear all macro definitions. This switch can be used to delete all currently defined macros, or to ignore any macros saved to TODDY.COM when installing. /MD's's' Define a macro. This parameter uses two fields, the macro name and the replacement text. The first charac- ter after the /MD is the definition delimiter. Though this delimiter is usually a quote (or double quote), it can be any character not used in the macro name or replacement text. There are three delimiters: one at the start of the macro name, one separating the macro name from the replacement text, and one at the end of the replacement text. The macro name can be any se- quence of characters, though it shouldn't contain any spaces. The replacement text can contain any sequence of characters. Note: this switch does not remove any previous definitions of the macro. Use the /ME switch to replace the most recent definition of a macro. /ME's's' Exchange a macro. This switch replaces the most recent definition of a macro, which is equivalent to undefin- ing then defining a macro. The syntax and usage are identical to the /MD switch. /MF's' Forget a macro. This switch clears all definitions of a macro (not just the most recent definition). The macro name is delimited similarly to the macro defini- tion switch (/MD), except there is no replacement text. Use the /MU switch to clear only the most recent defi- nition. /ML List macros. All currently defined macros will be displayed. /MNddd Set maximum macro nest level. A nest level is used whenever a macro calls another macro. If the maximum nest level is reached while running a macro, Toddy will beep and abort the macro. Toddy requires 4 bytes of memory for each nest level. If you don't use macros, you can conserve memory by setting the nest level to 0 with /MN0. The default is /MN10. /MRfile Read macros from a file. The file must be a standard text file. The file may be created by the user or by saving macros with the /MW switch. Each line of the file contains a single macro definition. The macros must be defined in the form: macro=text where "macro" is the name of the macro and "text" is the replacement text for the macro. All characters after the first equals sign become part of the macro text. /MSddddd Set the macro table size. The macro table size is the number of bytes reserved for macro definitions (includ- ing key macros). The default is /MS512. /MU's' Undefine a macro. This switch clears the most recent definition of a macro. The macro name is delimited similarly to the macro definition switch (/MD), except there is no replacement text. Note that a macro may have multiple definitions and this switch only clears the most recent. Use the /MF switch to clear all definitions of a macro. /MWfile Write macros to a file. All currently defined macros are written to the specified file. The file is a standard text file with one macro definition per line. Macros saved with this switch can be loaded with the /MR switch. /NB Backslashed directory names. Add a backslash to direc- tory names inserted with F9 and F10. Note that you must first use the /NT switch with the proper value to match directory names. This is the default setting. /NC Clean directory names. Don't add a backslash to direc- tory names inserted with F9 and F10. This switch turns off the /NB switch. /NL Display file names in lowercase letters. This switch makes file names inserted with the F9 and F10 keys appear in lowercase letters. /NSddddd File name size. This is the size of the area for saving file names matched with F9 and F10, allowing you to display previous matches with Shift-F9. There is a 105 byte (or so) overhead for file name matching, so if you specify a number less than 105, the number will be changed to zero. You can set this value to zero if you don't use the file name completion commands. The default is /NS256. /NTxx Select the file types for file name completion. This switch allows you to specify what types of files will be matched by the file name completion commands (F9 and F10). The possible values are: 00 = normal file, 02 = hidden files, 04 = system files, and 10 = directories. Add the hexadecimal values together to combine types. /NT10 (00 + 10) finds all normal files and directories. /NT06 (00 + 02 + 04) finds all normal, hidden, and system files. /NT16 (00 + 02 + 04 + 10) finds all files and directories. The default is /NT00 (find normal files only). /NU Display file names in uppercase letters. This switch makes file names inserted with the F9 and F10 keys appear in uppercase letters. This is the default setting. /ORfile Read configuration from a file. All switch settings, macros, and key assignments are loaded. If no file name is specified, the configuration will be loaded from the file TODDY.CFG in the same directory as TODDY.COM. Usually, the configuration file is created with the /OW switch. /OWfile Write configuration to a file. All switch settings, macros, and key assignments are saved. This switch does NOT save the command history (you can use the /HW and /HR switches to save and load the command history). If no file name is specified, the configuration will be saved to the file TODDY.CFG in the same directory as TODDY.COM. The configuration file TODDY.CFG will be loaded automatically when Toddy is installed. Configu- ration files can also be loaded explicitly with the /OR switch. Configuration files are standard text files with one switch per line, and can be created or modi- fied with a standard text editor. /Q Enable quiet mode. When Toddy is in quiet mode, the regular confirmation messages are suppressed -- only error messages are displayed. /R's' Run a command. The specified command is preloaded to the input buffer and the next time Toddy gets the chance the command will be executed. If this switch is used in batch file, the command will be run as soon as the batch file terminates. The command is delimited similarly to the macro definition switch (/MD), except there is no replacement text. /S Select a previous command. This switch opens the command history window and lets you select a past command by scrolling through the command history. Once Toddy has been installed, running Toddy without any command line arguments also performs this function. /SCddd Set the number of columns used by the command history window. This the number includes the border. The default is /SC0, which tells Toddy to decide how many columns. /SRddd Set the number of rows used by the command history window. This number includes the border. The default is /SR0, which tells Toddy to decide how many rows. /TC Use the custom cursor type defined with the /TE, /TI, and /TO switches. The /TE, /TI, and /TO switches automatically set this switch. /TExxxx Set the entry cursor type. This switch sets both the insert and overwrite cursor types. This switch should be used instead of the /TI and /TO switches. The cursor type is the size and shape of the blinking cursor blob. The first byte of this two byte value is the top scan line number and the second byte is the bottom scan line number. The scan lines for CGA are numbered 00 to 07, for EGA adapters it's 00 to 0D, and for VGA adapters it's 00 to 0E. The default cursor is usually the bottom two scan lines (i.e. 0607 for CGA, 0C0D for EGA, and 0D0E for VGA). You can make a big blinking blob on most adapters with 000F. You can turn off the blinking cursor entirely on most adapters with value of 2000. The value FFFF is reserved by Toddy to indicate that the cursor should not be modified. /TIxxxx Set the insert cursor type. This is the cursor type used when in insert mode. The /TE switch describes how to set the cursor type. /TOxxxx Set the overwrite cursor type. This is the cursor type used when in overwrite mode. The /TE switch describes how to set the cursor type. /TS Use system cursor (i.e. don't make any changes to it). This switch turns off all the custom cursor settings. This is the default. /TXxxxx Set exit cursor type. This is the cursor type to use when Toddy has finished inputting a line. Generally, this switch is used to restore the cursor after setting it with the other cursor switches. For this and the other cursor switches, if no cursor is specified, the current system cursor will be used (i.e. this switch usually isn't necessary). /U Uninstall Toddy. This switch removes Toddy from memo- ry. It may not be possible to uninstall Toddy if another TSR has been loaded after Toddy. /UI Uppercase letters are ignored. This switch turns off the /UI switch and is the default setting. /US Uppercase letters are significant. If this switch is specified, Toddy will treat upper and lowercase letters as being different. For instance, if you define a macro called "DIR" and ran the command "dir", the macro will NOT be run. This switch also affects command history operations, like searches and saving unique commands (the /HU switch). Note that DOS is NOT case- sensitive -- this switch only affects Toddy. /V Enable verbose mode. This switch turns off the /Q switch and is the default setting. /VLddd Set the maximum length of the names of macros to be expanded within other macros. This number limits the length of the macro name allowed in the $() macro parameter, not the text that's expanded. The default is /VL16. /VNddd Set the maximum nest level of macros expanded within other macros. Nest levels are used whenever a $() parameter occurs within another $() parameter. The default is /VN10. /W Write current settings to TODDY.COM. All switches, key assignments, and macros will be written the executable file TODDY.COM. The settings will be the new defaults the next time Toddy is installed. Macro definitions may be removed from TODDY.COM by undefining the macro and rewriting the settings. If you are running DOS 2.X, TODDY.COM must be in the current directory when using this switch. Usually, the /OW switch is a better method for saving the current settings. /WU Force Windows to use a single copy of Toddy for all DOS windows. Normally, Windows creates a separate copy of Toddy for each DOS window. The advantage of using a single copy of Toddy is that new commands saved to the command history, changes to macros, and other settings will be preserved from DOS session to DOS session, and also remain intact after you exit Windows. DO NOT use this switch if you open up more than one DOS window at a time, because the two windows will interfere with each other. /WP Force Windows to use a separate copy of Toddy for each DOS window. Changes to Toddy in one DOS window will not affect Toddy in another DOS window. Also, any changes you make to Toddy in a DOS window will will not be preserved after you exit Windows. This switch turns off the /WU switch. This switch turns off /WU and is the default setting. Examples -------- TODDY Install Toddy using the default switches. TODDY /hs10000 /ms100 /to000f Install Toddy with a 10000 byte command history, 100 byte macro area, and set the cursor scan lines to a big blinking blob whenever overwrite mode is in effect. TODDY /at1F /ac4F /ae1F /te2000 Set the colors to a uniform bright white on blue with a red block cursor. The blinking cursor is turned off for each input. TODDY /hs1000 /hm6 /ow Write the /HS1000 and /HM6 switches to TODDY.CFG so they don't need to be specified the next time Toddy is installed. TODDY /md'dir'dir $* /w' /md'del'move $1 c:\trashcan' /cl33 Define two macros and set the literal character to an exclama- tion mark. The first macro appends the /W parameter to all DIR commands. The second macro makes the DEL command move files to be deleted to a directory called TRASHCAN, where they can be later retrieved if you change your mind about the deletion. With the definition of the literal character, !DEL performs a regular and permanent delete. The DEL macro requires a MOVE utility, which isn't included with DOS prior to version 6, but is available on many BBS's and online services. TODDY /u Remove Toddy from memory. Version Changes --------------- Version 2.00 First public release. Version 2.01 Several command line switches renamed. Version 2.10 Ctrl-Break implemented and mouse support removed to conserve memory. Version 2.11 Search command made case-insensitive. Version 2.20 Cursor switches expanded. Version 3.00 Complete rewrite. New features include chained commands and macros. Other changes include: most command line switches renamed, switches are automatically passed to a resident Toddy (no /RS needed), default values changed, several editing keys changed, delimiters for move word left and right changed, and history search improved. Version 4.00 Many new features added: macros and the command history may be saved and loaded from a file, control characters can be en- tered, Ctrl-Break cancels chained commands and macros, DOS editing keys supported, file name completion, and more. Other changes include: several editing keys changed, alternate syntax for defining macros, switches must start with a slash (/), macro parameter syntax slightly changed. Version 5.00 Macro interpreter totally rewritten: previous restrictions with regard to the $* parameter have been removed, parameters above $9 are now $10 to $99, new special parameters introduced ($t, $l, $g, etc), $n* parameter added, trailing arguments automati- cally appended to macro expansion, the asterisk in the $* and $n* parameters can be redefined. New features added: quoted strings, command history window, comments in macro files, preload a command to the input buffer (/R switch), and the /FL, /FU, /HT, /HN switches. Other changes include: down arrow key has new function (see /HT and /HN switches), macro definition syntax "macro=text" and "macro=" replace and undefine macro definitions, /Q affects banner without writing to file, new memory configuration option /B, and suppresses system prompt for phantom drives. Version 5.01 Fixed a bug associated with the /TE /TI /TO /TX switches. Version 5.10 Cursor is moved to the end of the line when loading commands from the command history, the cursor isn't hidden in the selec- tion window, and the allocation switch (/A) displays more information. Version 5.11 Fixed "Error in switches ..." message when using /S switch. Version 6.00 New features: can redefine keys with key macros, opposite direction command history search and file name matching, can expand macros within body of other macros, backslash added to directory names, better command history management. New switches: /CB, /CE, /CV, /CW, /HD, /HI, /HK, /HP, /KC, /KD, /KE, /KF, /KL, /KR, /KS, /KT, /KU, /KW, /NB, /NC, /NS, /OR, /OW, /VL, /VN, /WU, /WP. Changed switches: /FT to /NT, /FU to /NU, /FL to /NL; changed meaning of /HT and /HN. Fixed bugs: DOS template commands, /R processing, delete current history line (^D). Comment lines are no longer allowed in saved macro files. Notes ----- Toddy performs the same function as the DOSKEY utility provided with DOS version 5 and up. The two programs are somewhat macro and keystroke compatible, though the command line switches are totally different. By and large, Toddy has a lot more features than DOSKEY but uses more memory. Toddy will work with 4DOS (and the version of 4DOS licensed to Symantec/Peter Norton Computing called NDOS), though the /L1 parameter must be set using the SETDOS command. When Toddy is installed under 4DOS, many of 4DOS' features are still available, including aliases and multiple commands on a single line. Toddy is somewhat redundant when using 4DOS, since most of the features of Toddy are available through 4DOS. If you use Toddy's /BS switch, the setting for 4DOS must be /BS255. You may have some trouble using redirected input with programs like DEBUG and EDLIN when Toddy is installed. If Toddy receives a redirected text file, Toddy will interpret both the carriage return and linefeed, which are at the end of every text line, as the Enter key. In effect, you'll get two Enters after every line. To fix this problem, temporarily disable Toddy or use the /BS switch to limit when Toddy is active. Redirected input is sometimes used to assemble small programs using the DEBUG pro- gram. The memory allocated by the /HS, /MS, and /NS switches is as- signed to a common pool called the heap. Any space not used by macros (including key macros) is available for the command histo- ry. If a file match command is used (F9 or F10), the oldest com- mand history entries may be deleted to make room, though the file matching commands will never use more than what it has been allocated. You can display the current memory allocations with the /A switch. The DOS template commands (F1 to F6) use the most recent command line stored in the command history, so if you plan on using these keys, you should make sure that there is enough available heap space to hold at least one command line. Before Toddy is installed, all available memory is allocated to the memory pool. If you run "TODDY /A" before installing Toddy, the total allocated memory will usually be larger than the sum of the first three numbers. This is the total bytes available for the /B, /FS, /HS, /KS, /MS, /MN, /VL, and /VN switches. Each command of a chained command is displayed as it is executed. Only the final form of the command is displayed (that is, after all macros have been processed). To see the see final form of the first command, precede the chained commands with the chain character. For instance, if you defined the following macro: TODDY d=dir when you run the "d" macro, you will not see the DIR command, just the results of the DIR. If you wish to see the actual DIR, define the macro as: TODDY d=$s$tdir You might have trouble using the DOS pipe and redirection com- mands with macros because the macro parameters $* and $n* will include such commands. For instance, if you define the following macro: TODDY d=dir $* /w and then try run D and redirect the output with "d > file", the macro will expand to "dir > file /w", which probably isn't what you want. With most programs, you can solve this problem by specifying the command line switches first, so define the macro as: TODDY d=dir /w $* You can use the parameter character (the dollar sign by default) in macro names, but if you call that macro from another macro, you must use two parameter characters ($$). You can also use the chain character in macro names, but you must put the macro name in (removable) quotes to call it. Macro names cannot contain spaces or removable quotes. If you use a quote before or within the first field of a line, the quotes only affect the first field (i.e. the command), not the arguments. If you have saved macros to TODDY.COM (using the /W switch), use the /MC switch to install Toddy without those macro definitions. It will be necessary use the /MC switch to install Toddy with a macro and history size of zero if you have saved macros in this manner. The same applies to key macros and the /KC switch. Maximum line length for all commands that read or write to a file (/HR, /HW, /MR, etc) is 512. This limits the size of macros and key assignments. Lines that are too long will generate a read error. DISCLAIMER OF WARRANTY ---------------------- THIS SOFTWARE AND MANUAL ARE DISTRIBUTED "AS IS" AND WITHOUT WARRANTIES AS TO PERFORMANCE OF MERCHANTABILITY OR ANY OTHER WARRANTIES WHETHER EXPRESSED OR IMPLIED. BECAUSE OF THE VARIOUS HARDWARE AND SOFTWARE ENVIRONMENTS INTO WHICH THIS PROGRAM MAY BE PUT, NO WARRANTY OF FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE IS OFFERED. GOOD DATA PROCESSING PROCEDURE DICTATES THAT ANY PROGRAM BE THOROUGHLY TESTED WITH NON-CRITICAL DATA BEFORE RELYING ON IT. THE USER MUST ASSUME THE ENTIRE RISK OF USING THE PROGRAM. ANY LIABILITY OF THE SELLER WILL BE LIMITED EXCLUSIVELY TO PRODUCT REPLACEMENT OR REFUND OF PURCHASE PRICE.